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Introduction The application of wellness as a concept has expanded over the last 50 years across disciplines (). In his pioneering work to develop wellness as a concept, Halbert, ) observed that while goals to extend life expectancy were coming to fruition, older adults were not typically valued in our society.

The pursuit of wellness in older adults, he argued, would move our society toward supporting not only longevity, but also vitality (). The concept of wellness is commonly used in nursing, but its relevance to older adults remains vague. Increased life expectancy is a ‘triumph of humanity’ that has benefited individuals, communities, and society as a whole (). Along with the invaluable contributions older adults have made to society, added risks to their health have emerged (). Risk of chronic illness, functional decline, and geriatric syndromes threaten the well-being of older adults. Forty-three percent of Medicare beneficiaries have three or more chronic conditions such as arthritis, cancer, and heart disease ().

Survey research also reveals that at least 42% of persons over the age of 65 have a functional limitation. Winsetupfromusb 0.2-3.rar. One study reported that 25% of older persons with one or more chronic condition also have one or more co-existing geriatric syndrome (Lee, Cigolle & Blaum, 2008).

In addition to changing physical and health circumstances, older adults tend to spend less of their leisure time socializing and communicating as they grow older (). These events, common in older adulthood, lend themselves to accumulating and interacting impairments, thereby increasing the vulnerability of persons as they age (;; ). As the population of older adults has grown so has the body of geriatric nursing knowledge, improving the care provided to older adults; especially those with functional decline, acute illness or injury, chronic illness, and geriatric syndromes. Approaches to care do not yet systematically integrate strategies that promote continued growth in older adulthood. Focusing on problems and deficits alone limits the exploration of individual strengths, thereby compounding the risk for vulnerability to diminished health and well-being. In the report titled ‘The Retooling for an Aging America, Building the Health Care Workforce’ an Institute of Medicine task-force proposed the creation of new care models including those that address behavioral risks and illness prevention ().

The authors acknowledge that current care models do not typically emphasize wellness or health promotion, which may be due to beliefs and attitudes that older adults are too old to benefit from these services (). Wellness, a concept whose defining characteristics include building upon individual strengths and optimizing potential, is broadly applied in geriatric nursing. Its meaning is not clear enough, however, to make a significant impact on the gap in geriatric nursing between deficit and strength based approaches to care.

Unanswered questions related to wellness include: Is wellness an outcome or a process? Is wellness an all or nothing phenomenon? Is wellness the same for all individuals? What is the role of the individual in determining wellness?

How do geriatric nurses promote and measure wellness? Is wellness significant for older adults with functional and health changes? Nonton infinite stratos s3. Further clarification and development of the concept of wellness as it relates to older adults will advance nursing knowledge about promoting continued growth among older adults while simultaneously guiding care for their changing and diverse needs. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of wellness as it relates to older adults and geriatric nursing using Rodger’s evolutionary perspective (). The evolutionary method was chosen as its analytic philosophical base is grounded in dynamism ().